从新型冠状病毒肺炎的寒疫病机探析清肺排毒汤的组方机制

在《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第六版)》中推荐的清肺排毒汤,临床观察疗效显著。笔者拟探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的寒疫病机以及清肺排毒汤的方药组成机制,认为该方能疏解表里、通调三焦,具有宣肺行气、透邪解毒、润燥化湿、逐水泻热的功效,切合COVID-19寒、燥、湿的病机特点,且能有效的针对症状进行治疗,应推广全国各地广泛使用以遏制疫情蔓延。     

长沙市新型冠状病毒肺炎流行特征分析

目的 了解长沙市新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)流行特征,为疫情防控提供依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法对长沙市2020年1月1日—3月6日期间的新型冠状病毒肺炎流行特征进行分析。结果 2020年1月1日—3月6日期间长沙市累计报告新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例242例,重症率15.70%;长沙市每日报告确诊病例数自2月3日以来整体呈下降趋势。209例出院病例的住院天数为5~37 d,平均住院天数为(16.91±7.32)d;发病以30~50岁年龄组为主(23.95%),50岁以上人群的重症率最高(26.26%, χ²=14.124,P=0.001),职业以家务及待业(16.53%)和离退人员(15.70%)为主;主要临床表现为发热(65.70%)、干咳(41.74%)和乏力(33.06%)。结论 新型冠状病毒肺炎发病数虽呈下降趋势,但随着人员流动的增加,需加强防控措施防止疫情反弹。     

新冠疫情下留学生医学基础课网上教学探索与实践

目的探讨新冠疫情下留学生医学基础课程网上授课的手段、方法和效果,以期在"停课不停学"下保障教学质量。方法利用雨课堂、企业微信和慕课等技术手段完成理论课的教学任务,同时通过随堂测试和问卷对教学效果进行评估。结果前期开展线上教学的问题主要集中在教学时差、缺少课堂互动、实践性课程的取消三个方面。因此,我们相应采取了录播课程、增加互动形式以及推迟实践性课程的方式,帮助学生渡过难关。结论现代化的网络教学方法比较受留学生的欢迎,同时多样化的教学方式满足了学生的不同需求。     

Manejo de la rotura de la membrana de Descemet secundaria a traumatismo por fórceps durante el parto

To describe the clinical signs and management of Descemet membrane (DM) detachment after forceps-related trauma during birth. A 2-day-old term infant presented with right eye corneal clouding and history of forceps assisted delivery. Ophthalmic assessment was consistent for corneal trauma and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT Visante®) revealed DM detachment. Prolonged topical treatment considerably reduced edema, but after four months of treatment superior DM detachment persisted, anterior chamber air injection at this point also failed to achieve apposition. Central visual axis remained partially spared in the months to follow, and intensive amblyopia treatment was indicated. Prolonged topical treatment may be helpful to reduce edema and risk of severe amblyopia in DM tears secondary to forceps traumatism at birth, but insufficient in cases of large DM detachment.     

Laboratory Biosafety: Laboratory response checklist for infectious disease outbreaks—preparedness and response considerations for emerging threats

The purpose of the Laboratory Response Checklist for Infectious Disease Outbreaks (the Checklist) is to provide public health laboratories and laboratory networks operating at multiple jurisdictional levels with a useful, adaptable tool to help rapidly identify important outbreak response considerations, particularly when investigating a previously unknown infectious disease threat. The Checklist was developed by the National Microbiology Laboratory of Canada in collaboration with provincial/territorial, national and international laboratory experts, including the Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network, and the Global Health Security Action Group Laboratory Network. While the Checklist was initially designed to reflect lessons learned through National Microbiology Laboratory participation in extended national and international outbreak responses (e.g. Zika virus epidemic [2015–2016], Ebola virus epidemic, West Africa [2014–2016]), the importance of optimizing laboratory response coordination has only been underscored by the ongoing challenges presented by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic response requirements. The Checklist identifies five highly interdependent laboratory response themes, each of which encompasses multiple considerations that may be critical to a coordinated, strategic outbreak response. As such, the comprehensive review of Checklist considerations by responding laboratory organizations may provide a valuable opportunity to quickly detect key response considerations and interdependencies, and mitigate risks with the potential to impact public health action.     

Effect of topical vitamin D on chronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus: An open‐label pilot study

Chronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus (CKD‐aP) is a troublesome symptom in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Recently, vitamin D deficiency has been known to be one of the possible etiologic factors in CKD‐aP. However, limited data is available on whether topical vitamin D treatment is effective for relieving CKD‐aP. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of topically vitamin D for CKD‐aP. Twenty‐three patients with CKD‐aP were enrolled in a single center, open‐label study. Patients were instructed to apply a topical vitamin D (calcipotriol) agent (Daivonex solution; LEO Pharma) or vehicle solution twice daily for a month. We assessed the efficacy and safety of topical vitamin D on CKD‐aP using clinical and dermoscopic photographs, and questionnaires including the validated modified pruritus assessment score (VMPAS) and visual analog scale (VAS) every 2 weeks. Dry dermoscopic findings showed significant improvement of scale (dryness) on the skin of topical vitamin D‐treated patients compared with those of the vehicle group. Both VMPAS and VAS were significantly decreased after 2 and 4 weeks of the topical vitamin D treatment compared with the vehicle, respectively (P < 0.05). No significant side‐effects were observed. Topical vitamin D may be one of the safe and effective therapeutic candidates for CKD‐aP.     

The relationships among monocyte subsets,miRNAs and inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes irreversible myocardial damage and release of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines and miRNAs. We aimed to investigate changes in the levels of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10), miRNAs profiles (miR-146 and miR-155) and distribution of different monocyte subsets (CD14++CD16-, CD14++CD16+, CD14+CD16++) in the acute and post-healing phases of AMI.